Animations and CindyLab

Many devices in the real world are driven by some kind of motor. On an abstract level, a motor pumps energy into the system. It causes movement that goes beyond the pure interaction of free mass-objects. There are three principles in CindyLab that allow for the external actuation and control of a simulated environment.

• Actuation of springs
• Use of a geometric Cinderella Animation
• Use of a CindyScript script to change parameters (such as positions and velocities) of the system

In what follows we shall briefly sketch these three possibilities. Since the number of possible interaction scenarios is practically infinite, we shall again focus only on the basic principles and give a few illustrative examples.

Spring Actuation¶

Spring actuation is perhaps the most intrinsic way to drive a CindyLab simulation. It is discussed in the context of Springs. It can be used to vary the resting length of a spring periodically. If the environment also supplies some friction, then one can use spring actuation to obtain points that exhibit periodic motion. As explained in the Spring section, one can alter the amplitude and the phase of the actuation independently. The picture below shows several springs all actuated with identical amplitudes but with differing phases.

A typical application of actuated springs is the generation of legs for small walking devices, whereby one connects a point to several springs that are actuated with a particular phase shift. In the figure below, the two springs of each leg are actuated with a phase shift of 0.25. Each leg has a phase shift with respect to the other. This results in a cyclic walking behavior of the four legs.

If this device is dropped onto a CindyLab Floor, it automatically starts to walk like a little animal.

Geometric Animations¶

In the geometry part of Cinderella there is a standard way of animating points through the use of Animation mode. In this way, one can, for example, create rotating points on a circle or moving points on a segment. The animation mode of Cinderella works seamlessly with CindyLab. One can use animated points and equip them with physical properties or connect them to springs. In the picture below a kind of long elastic rope was created by connecting several rubber bands. One end of the elastic was fixed to the green point at the far left. The other end is driven by a Cinderella animation. The rotating point on the circle is used to move the end of the elastic up and down in periodic motion.

Mass-objects can also be used directly in animations. The following example is physically quite unrealistic, but it demonstrates a possible use of mass-objects in animations. Here a Sun is bound to a circle. An animation causes the sun to revolve around the circle. The picture shows the trace of a red planet under the attraction of a rotating yellow sun.

Animations are synchronized with the physics simulation. This means that if one moves the animation speed slider, then both the physics simulation and the animation itself become slower.

Driving Simulations with CindyScript¶

As usual, CindyScript provides the most flexible and powerful way of influencing a simulation. With CindyScript one can directly influence the parameters of CindyLab objects such as position, velocity, and restlength. In this way, whenever the CindyScript code is executed, one can influence the behavior of the physics objects. As explained in the CindyScript manual, this scripting language allows execution to take place at a specific time. A detailed list can be found in the CindyLab and CindyScript section.

In principle, CindyScript can alter any physics behavior, since it has the "final word" on the parameters of the object. For instance, one can alter the speed of a particle programmatically. The following example shows a simple control loop for balancing a spring by moving one of its points.